神经生长因子及其受体TrKA在山羊脊髓发育中的表达特点

运用免疫组织化学超敏 SP法对山羊胎儿脊髓发育中神经生长因子 (nerve growth factor,NGF)及其高亲和力受体 Tr KA的表达及其功能进行了系统的研究和探讨。结果显示 ,山羊胎儿脊髓灰质中存在 NGF及其受体 Tr KA,于 6周龄胚就可检测到 ,随胚龄增加 ,其表达范围及免疫反应着色程度逐渐增强。 NGF主要分布于腹角和背角的神经细胞 ,反应产物主要定位于胞质和突起 ;Tr KA的分布主要以腹角及胶状质为主 ,反应产物主要定位于胞核 ,后期胞质及突起也可见到阳性反应。在山羊胎儿脊髓白质中也可观察到 NGF及 Tr KA免疫阳性反应 ,其发育后期更为显著 ,阳性反应主要分布于神经胶质细胞核、神经纤维的轴索及雪旺氏细胞。结果提示 ,NGF不仅对交感和感觉神经元的发育起作用 ,而且还与腹角运动神经元的发育有关     

Preliminary study of plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) during low- and high-dose radiation therapy of dogs with spontaneous tumors

High plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentrations are associated with radiation resistance and poor prognosis. After an exposure to ionizing radiation in cell culture an early phase and a late phase of increased VEGF have been documented. The activation was dependent on the radiation dose. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure baseline plasma VEGF and changes in VEGF over the course of fractionated radiation therapy in dogs with spontaneous tumors. Dogs with tumors had a significantly higher pretreatment plasma VEGF than did dogs without tumors. Immediately after irradiation no increased plasma VEGF was observed. Over the course of radiation therapy there was an increased plasma VEGF in dogs treated with low doses per fraction/high total dose, whereas plasma VEGF remained stable in dogs irradiated with high doses per fraction/low total dose. The regulatory mechanisms are very complex, and therefore the value of plasma VEGF measurements as an indirect marker of angiogenesis induced by radiotherapy is limited.     

Non-target toxicology of a new mosquito larvicide, trypsin modulating oostatic factor

Trypsin modulating oostatic factor (TMOF), a peptide hormone originally isolated from the ovaries of adult Aedes aegypti, is currently under commercial development as a new pesticide chemistry with a novel mode of action for the control of larval mosquitoes. The objective of the current research is to evaluate potential risks of the use of TMOF as an insecticide on non-target organisms. TMOF (YDPAP₆) was degraded in vitro (as determined by HPLC and LC/MS) to DPAP₆, PAP₆, and then AP₆ by leucine aminopeptidase, a pancreatic enzyme found in the digestive system of vertebrates. The rate of degradation of TMOF and PAP₆ was significantly greater than that of DPAP₆, while no metabolism of AP₆ was found. TMOF technical insecticide was produced on a commercial scale by recombinant yeast (heat-killed before application). The technical TMOF when administered in a single dose by gavage to male and female mice at 2000 mg dry weight/kg body weight produced no negative effects as compared to controls up to 12 days after treatment. When male and female mallard ducks were treated by gavage with 1250 mg dry weight of technical TMOF/kg body weight each day for 5 days, again no toxic effects were noted through 35 days after the last treatment. TMOF technical insecticide was also applied to the shaved skin of male and female rabbits at the rate of 2000 mg/kg for 1-2 days, with no effect. The end point observations in these in vivo experiments were mortality; changes in growth rate, behavior, body structure, and color; and possible lesions observed during necropsy. Finally, Daphnia incubated with technical TMOF in rearing water at the level of 1.0 × 10⁶ yeast cells/ml (10 mg/ml) also demonstrated no negative effects on mortality, growth, molting, time to first brood, and production of viable neonates. It appears from these studies that TMOF can be degraded by vertebrate digestive proteases and technical TMOF is not toxic to the non-target organisms examined.     

用甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵接枝真丝的研究

为提高真丝纤维织物的抗菌防皱性能,根据真丝纤维蛋白质主体的结构,研究了以硝酸铈铵(CAN)为引发剂,甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)单体接枝真丝的影响因素,并对DMC接枝真丝后的回潮率、单丝强力和泛黄指数进行了研究,用红外光谱分析了接枝真丝的化学结构。当DMC浓度为06mol/L,CAN的质量分数为10%,pH=3,温度60℃保温120min时,接枝效果较好。接枝后回潮率改善,但泛黄指数有上升趋向,单丝强力也有所下降。红外光谱分析表明单体已接枝到真丝纤维上。     

贺兰山西坡不同海拔梯度草地土壤氮特征

以阿拉善左旗境内贺兰山中段(西坡)及山前地带不同海拔下的草地为研究对象,分析不同海拔梯度下草地土壤全氮的分布特征及其与气候因子、植被特征和土壤特性的关系.结果表明,土壤全氮含量随海拔的降低而逐渐降低,在典型草原中沿土壤垂直剖面依次降低,在高寒草甸、荒漠化草原和草原化荒漠0～20与20～40 cm土层中差异不显著,但高于40～60 cm土层.在海拔1 360～1 380 m草原化荒漠的5个样地上,由于放牧利用程度和植被类型的不同,0～20 cm土层土壤氮的含量变幅在0.022 8%～0.034 7%.0～20,20～40和40～60 cm土层土壤全氮含量与年降水量、植被盖度、草地生产力、土壤含水量、有机碳含量和<0.05 mm颗粒含量呈极显著正相关,与年均温、土壤pH值呈极显著负相关(P<0.001).偏相关分析显示,影响0～20 cm土层全氮(TN)含量最主要的因素是植被盖度(C)和年降水量(AP),相关方程是TN%=0.002 040 C 0.000 585 AP-0.076 800;而影响20～40 cm土层全氮含量的最主要因素是草地生产力(B),与土壤全氮回归方程为TN%=0.001 6 B 0.024 7.而各环境因素中影响土壤全氮含量最主要的因素,0～20 cm土层为土壤有机碳和年降水量,20～40 cm土层主要受土壤有机碳的影响.     

Methyl donors dietary supplementation to gestating sows diet improves the growth rate of offspring and is associating with changes in expression and DNA methylation of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 gene

The study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal dietary methyl donors on the performance of sows and their offspring, and the associated hepatic insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) expression of the offspring. A total of 24 multiparous sows were randomly fed the control (CON) or the CON diet supplemented with methyl donors (MD) at 3 g/kg betaine, 15 mg/kg folic acid, 400 mg/kg choline and 150 μg/kg VB₁₂, from mating until delivery. After farrowing, sows were fed a common lactation diet through a 28‐days lactation period and six litters per treatment were selected to be fed until at approximately 110 kg BW. Maternal MD supplementation resulted in greater birthweight (p < 0.05) and increased the piglet weights (p < 0.01) and litter weights (p < 0.05) at the age of day 28, compared with that in CON group. The offspring pigs in the MD group had greater ADG (p < 0.05) and tended to lower F:G ratio (p = 0.07) compared with that of CON group from day 28 to 180 of age. The offspring pigs from MD group had greater serum IGF‐1 concentrations and expressions of hepatic IGF‐1 gene and muscular IGF‐1 receptor (IGF‐1r) protein at birth (p < 0.05), and greater hepatic IGF‐1 protein (p = 0.03) and muscular IGF‐1r gene expressions (p < 0.05) at slaughter, than that from the CON group. Moreover, the methylation at the promoter of IGF‐1 gene in the liver of newborn piglets and finishing pigs was greater in the MD group than that of the CON group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, maternal MD supplementation throughout gestation could enhance the birthweight and postnatal growth rate of offspring, associated with an increased expression of the IGF‐1 gene and IGF‐1r, as well as the altered DNA methylation of IGF‐1 gene promotor.     

三江源区高寒草原土壤湿度变化特征及与气候因子的关系

利用青海省三江源区兴海县牧业气象站1999-2016年高寒草原土壤湿度、牧草生育期资料,分析了高寒草原土壤湿度的年、季变化特征以及牧草生长季不同生育期土壤湿度的变化特征及与气候因子的关系。结果表明:高寒草原0-10、10-20、20-30、30-40和40-50 cm土壤湿度均随年际延长呈增加趋势,春季除40-50 cm土层外,其他各层土壤湿度均随年际延长呈显著增加趋势(P<0.05)。高寒草原牧草生长季的土壤相对湿度随年际延长呈显著上升趋势(P<0.05),且与生长季降水量之间呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。随着气候变化,牧草抽穗、开花、成熟和枯黄期的土壤相对湿度随年际延长呈显著增加趋势(P<0.05)。牧草抽穗期、枯黄和全生育期的土壤湿度与气温呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05)。高寒草原牧草生长季土壤湿度的增加有利于草地植被生长。     

Effect of Human Menopausal Gonadotropin,17β-estradiol and Epidermal Growth Factor on the Quality of in vitro Maturation Bovine Oocytes

For optimizing in vitro maturation system of bovine oocytes,we firstly examined the influence of four different hormonal regimes(FSH+LH,HMG,FSH+LH+E₂ and HMG+E₂) on oocyte maturation rates.Then we studied the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the above defined medium on bovine oocyte maturation,in vitro development and quality of parthenogenetic embryos.The cell apoptotic index of parthenogenetic blastocysts was detected by TUNEL.No significant difference was observed in maturation rates in four groups supplemented with different hormones.However,human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) provided steady maturation results in replicates.Maturation of oocytes was promoted by supplementation with 17β-estradiol (E₂).Combination of HMG and E₂ gave rise to steady and efficient mature results.The presence of EGF at 30 ng/mL concentration significantly increased maturation rate and blastocyst rate and reduced apoptotic cells in parthenogenetic blastocysts.Therefore,the optimal oocyte maturation solution could be supplemented with 0.075 IU/mL HMG,1 μg/mL E₂ and 30 ng/mL EGF.     

绿豆种质资源农艺性状的因子分析及综合评价

为合理利用绿豆种质资源,本研究以55份绿豆种质资源为材料,通过对其10个农艺性状进行因子分析及聚类分析。结果表明:10个农艺性状的变异系数为8.57%~47.19%,其中单株粒重变异系数最大,生育期变异系数最小。将10个农艺性状简化为结荚数因子、高度因子、粒数因子、粒重因子和生育期因子5个独立的主因子,该5个主因子可以反映原始信息的86.340%。经综合得分排序,评选出10份性状优良的绿豆种质资源。聚类分析将55份种质资源的10个数量性状分为3大类,类群I、类群II、类群III分别包括22份、7份、26份材料。结合综合评价和聚类分析认为,在黑龙江绿豆生产中,‘安绿8号’、‘佳木斯黄绿豆’、‘冀绿1号’可作为品种选育的改良亲本,也可大面积种植利用。